Partic. vol. 36 pp. 59-69 (February 2018)
doi: 10.1016/j.partic.2017.01.010

Modeling and optimization of the parameters affecting the in-situ microencapsulation process for producing epoxy-based self-healing anti-corrosion coatings

Ali Ebrahiminiya^a, Mohammad Khorram^a,*, Shadi Hassanajili^a, Mehdi Javidi^b

khorram_m@hamoon.usb.ac.ir

Abstract

Micro/nanocapsules of urea–formaldehyde resin loaded with linseed oil, which are a self-healing agent in glass flake epoxy anti-corrosion paint, were prepared using a combination of ultrasonic homogenization and in-situ polymerization. The main objective of this study was to model and optimize the microencapsulation process. Five-level central composite design was used to design, model, and optimize the microencapsulation process. A quadratic model was constructed to show the dependency of the percentage of encapsulated linseed oil and capsule size, as model responses, on the studied independent variables (the rotational speed of the agitator and the power and duration of sonication). Analysis of variance showed that all of the variables have significant effects on the encapsulated linseed oil percentage, while the rotational speed of the agitator and sonication time is effective variables for controlling the capsule size. Under the determined optimum conditions, a maximum encapsulated linseed oil percentage (ELO%) of 93.9% and a minimum micro/nanocapsule size of 0.574 μm were achieved at 594 rpm agitation, 350 W sonication power, and 3 min sonication time. Validation of the model was performed. The percentage relative errors between the predicted and experimental values of the ELO% and micro/nanocapsule size are 1.28% and 3.66%, respectively. The efficacy of the optimum micro/nanocapsules in healing cracks in a glass flake epoxy paint and corrosion protection was investigated by the salt spray test and Tafel polarization technique.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Urea–formaldehyde; Response surface methodology; Central composite design; Ultrasonic homogenization; Linseed oil; Self-healing coating